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<li><a href="./">R学习笔记</a></li>

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<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>欢迎</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="abstract.html"><a href="abstract.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>内容概要</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="1" data-path="data-read-write-description.html"><a href="data-read-write-description.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1</b> 数据导入导出</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1" data-path="readxl-description.html"><a href="readxl-description.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1</b> readxl</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1.1" data-path="readxl-description.html"><a href="readxl-description.html#readxl:install"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1.1</b> 安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1.2" data-path="readxl-description.html"><a href="readxl-description.html#readxl:usage"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1.2</b> 用法</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1.3" data-path="readxl-description.html"><a href="readxl-description.html#batch:read"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1.3</b> 批量读取</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1.4" data-path="readxl-description.html"><a href="readxl-description.html#batch:write"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1.4</b> 批量输出</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="1.2" data-path="writexl.html"><a href="writexl.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.2</b> writexl</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="1.2.1" data-path="writexl.html"><a href="writexl.html#writexl:usage"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.2.1</b> 用法</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3" data-path="openxlsx-description.html"><a href="openxlsx-description.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3</b> openxlsx</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3.1" data-path="openxlsx-description.html"><a href="openxlsx-description.html#openxlsx:install"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3.1</b> 安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3.2" data-path="openxlsx-description.html"><a href="openxlsx-description.html#openxlsx:functions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3.2</b> 基础功能</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3.3" data-path="openxlsx-description.html"><a href="openxlsx-description.html#定制格式输出"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3.3</b> 定制格式输出</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3.4" data-path="openxlsx-description.html"><a href="openxlsx-description.html#函数参数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3.4</b> 函数参数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3.5" data-path="openxlsx-description.html"><a href="openxlsx-description.html#总结"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3.5</b> 总结</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="1.4" data-path="readr-package.html"><a href="readr-package.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.4</b> readr</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.4.1" data-path="readr-package.html"><a href="readr-package.html#readr:install"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.4.1</b> 安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.4.2" data-path="readr-package.html"><a href="readr-package.html#readr:usage"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.4.2</b> 用法</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.4.3" data-path="readr-package.html"><a href="readr-package.html#readr:write-function"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.4.3</b> 导出功能</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.4.4" data-path="readr-package.html"><a href="readr-package.html#总结-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.4.4</b> 总结</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.5" data-path="data-vroom.html"><a href="data-vroom.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.5</b> vroom</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.5.1" data-path="data-vroom.html"><a href="data-vroom.html#安装"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.5.1</b> 安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.5.2" data-path="data-vroom.html"><a href="data-vroom.html#用法"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.5.2</b> 用法</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.6" data-path="data-rstudio-addins.html"><a href="data-rstudio-addins.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.6</b> Rstudio导入</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.6.1" data-path="data-rstudio-addins.html"><a href="data-rstudio-addins.html#rstudio-工具栏导入"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.6.1</b> rstudio 工具栏导入</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.6.2" data-path="data-rstudio-addins.html"><a href="data-rstudio-addins.html#插件导入"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.6.2</b> 插件导入</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.7" data-path="data-file-path.html"><a href="data-file-path.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.7</b> 文件路径</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="1.7.1" data-path="data-file-path.html"><a href="data-file-path.html#指定路径"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.7.1</b> 指定路径</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.7.2" data-path="data-file-path.html"><a href="data-file-path.html#默认路径"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.7.2</b> 默认路径</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="1.8" data-path="data-expand.html"><a href="data-expand.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.8</b> 拓展</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.8.1" data-path="data-expand.html"><a href="data-expand.html#tidyxl:package"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.8.1</b> tidyxl</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.8.2" data-path="data-expand.html"><a href="data-expand.html#参考资料"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.8.2</b> 参考资料</a></li>
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</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2" data-path="Data-Manipulation-dplyr.html"><a href="Data-Manipulation-dplyr.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2</b> 数据处理之-dplyr</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1" data-path="dplyr-description.html"><a href="dplyr-description.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1</b> 前言</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.1" data-path="dplyr-description.html"><a href="dplyr-description.html#dplyr:install-package"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.1</b> 安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.2" data-path="dplyr-description.html"><a href="dplyr-description.html#dplyr:difference-of-sql"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.2</b> Excel and Sql 类比</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.3" data-path="dplyr-description.html"><a href="dplyr-description.html#常见问题"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.3</b> 常见问题</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2" data-path="dplyr-usage.html"><a href="dplyr-usage.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2</b> 基础用法</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2.1" data-path="dplyr-usage.html"><a href="dplyr-usage.html#dplyr-filter"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2.1</b> filter</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2.2" data-path="dplyr-usage.html"><a href="dplyr-usage.html#dplyr-select"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2.2</b> select</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2.3" data-path="dplyr-usage.html"><a href="dplyr-usage.html#dplyr-rename"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2.3</b> rename</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2.4" data-path="dplyr-usage.html"><a href="dplyr-usage.html#dplyr-relocate"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2.4</b> relocate</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2.5" data-path="dplyr-usage.html"><a href="dplyr-usage.html#dplyr-mutate"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2.5</b> mutate</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2.6" data-path="dplyr-usage.html"><a href="dplyr-usage.html#dplyr-arrange"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2.6</b> arrange</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2.7" data-path="dplyr-usage.html"><a href="dplyr-usage.html#dplyr-summarise"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2.7</b> summarise</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2.8" data-path="dplyr-usage.html"><a href="dplyr-usage.html#dplyr-groupby"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2.8</b> group_by</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3" data-path="dplyr-functions.html"><a href="dplyr-functions.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3</b> 常用函数</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3.1" data-path="dplyr-functions.html"><a href="dplyr-functions.html#条件判断"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3.1</b> 条件判断</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3.2" data-path="dplyr-functions.html"><a href="dplyr-functions.html#case_when"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3.2</b> case_when</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3.3" data-path="dplyr-functions.html"><a href="dplyr-functions.html#计数函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3.3</b> 计数函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3.4" data-path="dplyr-functions.html"><a href="dplyr-functions.html#排序函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3.4</b> 排序函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3.5" data-path="dplyr-functions.html"><a href="dplyr-functions.html#提取向量"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3.5</b> 提取向量</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3.6" data-path="dplyr-functions.html"><a href="dplyr-functions.html#dplyr:slice"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3.6</b> slice 系列</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3.7" data-path="dplyr-functions.html"><a href="dplyr-functions.html#group-系列"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3.7</b> group 系列</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3.8" data-path="dplyr-functions.html"><a href="dplyr-functions.html#其它函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3.8</b> 其它函数</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.4" data-path="dplyr-merge-two-table.html"><a href="dplyr-merge-two-table.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.4</b> 表关联</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.4.1" data-path="dplyr-merge-two-table.html"><a href="dplyr-merge-two-table.html#dplyr:merge-table-usage"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.4.1</b> 两表关联</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.4.2" data-path="dplyr-merge-two-table.html"><a href="dplyr-merge-two-table.html#dplyr:merge-multiple-table"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.4.2</b> 多表操作</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5" data-path="dplyr-groupby-manipulation.html"><a href="dplyr-groupby-manipulation.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5</b> 分组操作</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5.1" data-path="dplyr-groupby-manipulation.html"><a href="dplyr-groupby-manipulation.html#添加分组"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5.1</b> 添加分组</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5.2" data-path="dplyr-groupby-manipulation.html"><a href="dplyr-groupby-manipulation.html#查看分组"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5.2</b> 查看分组</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5.3" data-path="dplyr-groupby-manipulation.html"><a href="dplyr-groupby-manipulation.html#更改和添加分组变量"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5.3</b> 更改和添加分组变量</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5.4" data-path="dplyr-groupby-manipulation.html"><a href="dplyr-groupby-manipulation.html#删除分组变量"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5.4</b> 删除分组变量</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5.5" data-path="dplyr-groupby-manipulation.html"><a href="dplyr-groupby-manipulation.html#动词影响"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5.5</b> 动词影响</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.6" data-path="dplyr-column-manipulation.html"><a href="dplyr-column-manipulation.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.6</b> 列操作</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.6.1" data-path="dplyr-column-manipulation.html"><a href="dplyr-column-manipulation.html#dplyr-column-manipulation-basic-usage"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.6.1</b> 基础用法</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.6.2" data-path="dplyr-column-manipulation.html"><a href="dplyr-column-manipulation.html#多种函数功能"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.6.2</b> 多种函数功能</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.6.3" data-path="dplyr-column-manipulation.html"><a href="dplyr-column-manipulation.html#当前列"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.6.3</b> 当前列</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7" data-path="dplyr-row-manipulation.html"><a href="dplyr-row-manipulation.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7</b> 行操作</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7.1" data-path="dplyr-row-manipulation.html"><a href="dplyr-row-manipulation.html#比较差异"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7.1</b> 比较差异</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7.2" data-path="dplyr-row-manipulation.html"><a href="dplyr-row-manipulation.html#常用案例"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7.2</b> 常用案例</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.8" data-path="dplyr-programming.html"><a href="dplyr-programming.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.8</b> <code>dplyr</code>编程</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.8.1" data-path="dplyr-programming.html"><a href="dplyr-programming.html#案例"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.8.1</b> 案例</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.9" data-path="dplyr-reference-material.html"><a href="dplyr-reference-material.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.9</b> 参考资料</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3" data-path="Data-tidyr-package.html"><a href="Data-tidyr-package.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3</b> 整洁数据之 tidyr</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="tidyr-useage.html"><a href="tidyr-useage.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> tidyr 介绍</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.1" data-path="tidyr-useage.html"><a href="tidyr-useage.html#tidyr:install"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.1</b> 安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.2" data-path="tidyr-useage.html"><a href="tidyr-useage.html#tidyr:functions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.2</b> 主要功能</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="pivoting.html"><a href="pivoting.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> 长宽转换</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.1" data-path="pivoting.html"><a href="pivoting.html#宽转长"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.1</b> 宽转长</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.2" data-path="pivoting.html"><a href="pivoting.html#用法-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.2</b> 用法</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.3" data-path="pivoting.html"><a href="pivoting.html#长转宽"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.3</b> 长转宽</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.4" data-path="pivoting.html"><a href="pivoting.html#用法-2"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.4</b> 用法</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="tidyr-rectangle.html"><a href="tidyr-rectangle.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> 矩形数据</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="tidyr-nest-data.html"><a href="tidyr-nest-data.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> 嵌套数据</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4.1" data-path="tidyr-nest-data.html"><a href="tidyr-nest-data.html#基础"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4.1</b> 基础</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4.2" data-path="tidyr-nest-data.html"><a href="tidyr-nest-data.html#嵌套数据和模型"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4.2</b> 嵌套数据和模型</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5" data-path="character-vector.html"><a href="character-vector.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5</b> 字符处理</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5.1" data-path="character-vector.html"><a href="character-vector.html#新列提取"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5.1</b> 新列提取</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5.2" data-path="character-vector.html"><a href="character-vector.html#拆分"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5.2</b> 拆分</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5.3" data-path="character-vector.html"><a href="character-vector.html#列拆分行"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5.3</b> 列拆分行</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5.4" data-path="character-vector.html"><a href="character-vector.html#合并多列"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5.4</b> 合并多列</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.6" data-path="tidyr-expand.html"><a href="tidyr-expand.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.6</b> 扩展数据框</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7" data-path="tidyr-fill-NA.html"><a href="tidyr-fill-NA.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7</b> 缺失值</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7.1" data-path="tidyr-fill-NA.html"><a href="tidyr-fill-NA.html#replace_na"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7.1</b> replace_na</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7.2" data-path="tidyr-fill-NA.html"><a href="tidyr-fill-NA.html#fill"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7.2</b> fill</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7.3" data-path="tidyr-fill-NA.html"><a href="tidyr-fill-NA.html#drop_na"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7.3</b> drop_na</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4" data-path="character-handling.html"><a href="character-handling.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4</b> 字符处理</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1" data-path="character-base-R.html"><a href="character-base-R.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1</b> base R</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.1" data-path="character-base-R.html"><a href="character-base-R.html#单双引号"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.1</b> 单双引号</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.2" data-path="character-base-R.html"><a href="character-base-R.html#转义"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.2</b> 转义</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.3" data-path="character-base-R.html"><a href="character-base-R.html#常用函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.3</b> 常用函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.4" data-path="character-base-R.html"><a href="character-base-R.html#newfeatures"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.4</b> 新特性</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2" data-path="character-stringr-packages.html"><a href="character-stringr-packages.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2</b> stringr</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2.1" data-path="character-stringr-packages.html"><a href="character-stringr-packages.html#stringr-install"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2.1</b> 安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2.2" data-path="character-stringr-packages.html"><a href="character-stringr-packages.html#stringr-usage"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2.2</b> 基本使用</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2.3" data-path="character-stringr-packages.html"><a href="character-stringr-packages.html#stringr-functions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2.3</b> 常用函数</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3" data-path="character-application.html"><a href="character-application.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3</b> 综合运用</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.1" data-path="character-application.html"><a href="character-application.html#实现excel函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.1</b> 实现excel函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.2" data-path="character-application.html"><a href="character-application.html#使用案例"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.2</b> 使用案例</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4" data-path="character-the-difference-stringr-and-base.html"><a href="character-the-difference-stringr-and-base.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4</b> base 和 stringr</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.5" data-path="character-reference-material.html"><a href="character-reference-material.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.5</b> 参考资料</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5" data-path="datetime.html"><a href="datetime.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5</b> 时间处理</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1" data-path="datetime-base-R.html"><a href="datetime-base-R.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1</b> base R</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1.1" data-path="datetime-base-R.html"><a href="datetime-base-R.html#the-date-class"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1.1</b> Date</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1.2" data-path="datetime-base-R.html"><a href="datetime-base-R.html#the-POSIXct-class"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1.2</b> POSIXct</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1.3" data-path="datetime-base-R.html"><a href="datetime-base-R.html#the-POSIXlt-class"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1.3</b> POSIXlt</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2" data-path="lubridate.html"><a href="lubridate.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2</b> lubridate</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.1" data-path="lubridate.html"><a href="lubridate.html#lubridate-install"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.1</b> 安装包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.2" data-path="lubridate.html"><a href="lubridate.html#get-current-datetime"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.2</b> 当前时间日期</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.3" data-path="lubridate.html"><a href="lubridate.html#make-datetime"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.3</b> 构造日期时间</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.4" data-path="lubridate.html"><a href="lubridate.html#parse-datetime"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.4</b> 解析日期时间</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.5" data-path="lubridate.html"><a href="lubridate.html#extracting-datetime-information"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.5</b> 提取日期时间成分</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.6" data-path="lubridate.html"><a href="lubridate.html#time-zones"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.6</b> 处理时区</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.7" data-path="lubridate.html"><a href="lubridate.html#interveal"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.7</b> 时间间隔</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.8" data-path="lubridate.html"><a href="lubridate.html#calculate-datetime"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.8</b> 时间日期计算</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3" data-path="datetime-application.html"><a href="datetime-application.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3</b> 综合运用</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3.1" data-path="datetime-application.html"><a href="datetime-application.html#日报同环比计算"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3.1</b> 日报同环比计算</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3.2" data-path="datetime-application.html"><a href="datetime-application.html#清洗不同类型日期格式"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3.2</b> 清洗不同类型日期格式</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3.3" data-path="datetime-application.html"><a href="datetime-application.html#扫码后中奖时间匹配"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3.3</b> 扫码后中奖时间匹配</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.4" data-path="datetime-additional-information.html"><a href="datetime-additional-information.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.4</b> 补充资料</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.4.1" data-path="datetime-additional-information.html"><a href="datetime-additional-information.html#excel-and-r"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.4.1</b> Excel and R</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.4.2" data-path="datetime-additional-information.html"><a href="datetime-additional-information.html#参考资料-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.4.2</b> 参考资料</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6" data-path="forcats.html"><a href="forcats.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6</b> 因子介绍</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.1" data-path="forcats-introduction.html"><a href="forcats-introduction.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.1</b> 介绍</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.1.1" data-path="forcats-introduction.html"><a href="forcats-introduction.html#forcats:install"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.1.1</b> 安装</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2" data-path="forcats-usage.html"><a href="forcats-usage.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2</b> 用法</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2.1" data-path="forcats-usage.html"><a href="forcats-usage.html#创建因子"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2.1</b> 创建因子</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2.2" data-path="forcats-usage.html"><a href="forcats-usage.html#修改因子顺序"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2.2</b> 修改因子顺序</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2.3" data-path="forcats-usage.html"><a href="forcats-usage.html#修改因子级别"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2.3</b> 修改因子级别</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7" data-path="Data-Manipulation-datatable.html"><a href="Data-Manipulation-datatable.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7</b> data.table</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.1" data-path="datatable-description.html"><a href="datatable-description.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.1</b> 基础介绍</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.1.1" data-path="datatable-description.html"><a href="datatable-description.html#读取数据"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.1.1</b> 读取数据</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.1.2" data-path="datatable-description.html"><a href="datatable-description.html#基本格式"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.1.2</b> 基本格式</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.1.3" data-path="datatable-description.html"><a href="datatable-description.html#i-j-by-使用"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.1.3</b> i j by 使用</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.1.4" data-path="datatable-description.html"><a href="datatable-description.html#行列筛选总结"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.1.4</b> 行列筛选总结</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.2" data-path="datatable-usage.html"><a href="datatable-usage.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.2</b> 常规操作</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.2.1" data-path="datatable-usage.html"><a href="datatable-usage.html#行筛选"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.2.1</b> 行筛选</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.2.2" data-path="datatable-usage.html"><a href="datatable-usage.html#新增更新列"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.2.2</b> 新增更新列</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.2.3" data-path="datatable-usage.html"><a href="datatable-usage.html#排序"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.2.3</b> 排序</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3" data-path="datatable-function.html"><a href="datatable-function.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3</b> 常用函数</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.1" data-path="datatable-function.html"><a href="datatable-function.html#特殊符号"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.1</b> 特殊符号</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.2" data-path="datatable-function.html"><a href="datatable-function.html#排序函数-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.2</b> 排序函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.3" data-path="datatable-function.html"><a href="datatable-function.html#非重复计数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.3</b> 非重复计数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.4" data-path="datatable-function.html"><a href="datatable-function.html#判断函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.4</b> 判断函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.5" data-path="datatable-function.html"><a href="datatable-function.html#交集-差集-合并"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.5</b> 交集 差集 合并</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.6" data-path="datatable-function.html"><a href="datatable-function.html#长宽转换"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.6</b> 长宽转换</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.7" data-path="datatable-function.html"><a href="datatable-function.html#表连接"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.7</b> 表连接</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.4" data-path="datatable-advanced-functions.html"><a href="datatable-advanced-functions.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.4</b> 高级函数</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.4.1" data-path="datatable-advanced-functions.html"><a href="datatable-advanced-functions.html#groupingsets"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.4.1</b> groupingsets</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.4.2" data-path="datatable-advanced-functions.html"><a href="datatable-advanced-functions.html#rleid"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.4.2</b> rleid</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.4.3" data-path="datatable-advanced-functions.html"><a href="datatable-advanced-functions.html#shift"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.4.3</b> shift</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.4.4" data-path="datatable-advanced-functions.html"><a href="datatable-advanced-functions.html#j"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.4.4</b> J</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.5" data-path="datatable-tips.html"><a href="datatable-tips.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.5</b> 小技巧</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.5.1" data-path="datatable-tips.html"><a href="datatable-tips.html#用抑制中间过程输出"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.5.1</b> 用{}抑制中间过程输出</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.5.2" data-path="datatable-tips.html"><a href="datatable-tips.html#使用打印data.table"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.5.2</b> 使用[]打印data.table</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.6" data-path="datatable-application.html"><a href="datatable-application.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.6</b> 运用</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.6.1" data-path="datatable-application.html"><a href="datatable-application.html#自定义函数计算"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.6.1</b> 自定义函数计算</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.6.2" data-path="datatable-application.html"><a href="datatable-application.html#带汇总的聚合运算"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.6.2</b> 带汇总的聚合运算</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.6.3" data-path="datatable-application.html"><a href="datatable-application.html#行列转变"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.6.3</b> 行列转变</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8" data-path="database.html"><a href="database.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8</b> database</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.1" data-path="database-install.html"><a href="database-install.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.1</b> 安装数据库</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2" data-path="database-odbc-package.html"><a href="database-odbc-package.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2</b> odbc包</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2.1" data-path="database-odbc-package.html"><a href="database-odbc-package.html#安装包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2.1</b> 安装包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2.2" data-path="database-odbc-package.html"><a href="database-odbc-package.html#驱动安装"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2.2</b> 驱动安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2.3" data-path="database-odbc-package.html"><a href="database-odbc-package.html#连接数据库"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2.3</b> 连接数据库</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2.4" data-path="database-odbc-package.html"><a href="database-odbc-package.html#读写数据库"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2.4</b> 读写数据库</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.3" data-path="database-DBI-package.html"><a href="database-DBI-package.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.3</b> DBI包</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.3.1" data-path="database-DBI-package.html"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#安装-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.3.1</b> 安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.3.2" data-path="database-DBI-package.html"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#连接数据库-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.3.2</b> 连接数据库</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.3.3" data-path="database-DBI-package.html"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#读写数据库-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.3.3</b> 读写数据库</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.3.4" data-path="database-DBI-package.html"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#其它函数介绍"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.3.4</b> 其它函数介绍</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.4" data-path="database-else-package.html"><a href="database-else-package.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.4</b> 其他R包</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.4.1" data-path="database-else-package.html"><a href="database-else-package.html#rodbc包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.4.1</b> RODBC包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.4.2" data-path="database-else-package.html"><a href="database-else-package.html#roracle包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.4.2</b> ROracle包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.4.3" data-path="database-else-package.html"><a href="database-else-package.html#rmysql包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.4.3</b> RMySQL包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.4.4" data-path="database-else-package.html"><a href="database-else-package.html#rsqlite"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.4.4</b> RSQLite</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.5" data-path="database-big-data.html"><a href="database-big-data.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.5</b> 大数据相关R包</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.5.1" data-path="database-big-data.html"><a href="database-big-data.html#sparklyr"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.5.1</b> sparklyr</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.5.2" data-path="database-big-data.html"><a href="database-big-data.html#RClickhouse"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.5.2</b> RClickhouse</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.6" data-path="database-FAQ.html"><a href="database-FAQ.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.6</b> 常见问题</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.6.1" data-path="database-FAQ.html"><a href="database-FAQ.html#乱码问题"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.6.1</b> 乱码问题</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.6.2" data-path="database-FAQ.html"><a href="database-FAQ.html#无法连接问题"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.6.2</b> 无法连接问题</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.6.3" data-path="database-FAQ.html"><a href="database-FAQ.html#远程连接"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.6.3</b> 远程连接</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.6.4" data-path="database-FAQ.html"><a href="database-FAQ.html#跳板机连接"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.6.4</b> 跳板机连接</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7" data-path="database-dbplyr-package.html"><a href="database-dbplyr-package.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7</b> dbplyr</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7.1" data-path="database-dbplyr-package.html"><a href="database-dbplyr-package.html#安装-2"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7.1</b> 安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7.2" data-path="database-dbplyr-package.html"><a href="database-dbplyr-package.html#基础用法-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7.2</b> 基础用法</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7.3" data-path="database-dbplyr-package.html"><a href="database-dbplyr-package.html#无法正确转化"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7.3</b> 无法正确转化</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.8" data-path="database-reference-material.html"><a href="database-reference-material.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.8</b> 参考资料</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9" data-path="R-loop-structure.html"><a href="R-loop-structure.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9</b> 循环结构</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1" data-path="R-loop-description.html"><a href="R-loop-description.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1</b> R循环介绍</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1.1" data-path="R-loop-description.html"><a href="R-loop-description.html#R:loop-example"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1.1</b> 简单示例</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1.2" data-path="R-loop-description.html"><a href="R-loop-description.html#three:loop-structure"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1.2</b> 循环结构</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1.3" data-path="R-loop-description.html"><a href="R-loop-description.html#loop:control"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1.3</b> 循环控制</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1.4" data-path="R-loop-description.html"><a href="R-loop-description.html#嵌套循环"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1.4</b> 嵌套循环</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2" data-path="loop-changes.html"><a href="loop-changes.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2</b> 循环变化</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.1" data-path="loop-changes.html"><a href="loop-changes.html#修改已有对象"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.1</b> 修改已有对象</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.2" data-path="loop-changes.html"><a href="loop-changes.html#循环模式"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.2</b> 循环模式</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.3" data-path="loop-changes.html"><a href="loop-changes.html#未知长度输出"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.3</b> 未知长度输出</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3" data-path="apply-function.html"><a href="apply-function.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3</b> apply系列函数</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.1" data-path="apply-function.html"><a href="apply-function.html#lapply"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.1</b> lapply 循环迭代</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.2" data-path="apply-function.html"><a href="apply-function.html#sapply"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.2</b> sapply</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.3" data-path="apply-function.html"><a href="apply-function.html#vapply"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.3</b> vapply 迭代安全函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.4" data-path="apply-function.html"><a href="apply-function.html#apply"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.4</b> apply 多维数据</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10" data-path="purrr-Iteration.html"><a href="purrr-Iteration.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10</b> 循环迭代purrr介绍</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.1" data-path="安装-3.html"><a href="安装-3.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.1</b> 安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.2" data-path="purrr-basic-usage.html"><a href="purrr-basic-usage.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.2</b> 常规用法</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.2.1" data-path="purrr-basic-usage.html"><a href="purrr-basic-usage.html#map-系列"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.2.1</b> map 系列</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.2.2" data-path="purrr-basic-usage.html"><a href="purrr-basic-usage.html#pmap-系列"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.2.2</b> pmap 系列</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.3" data-path="purrr-map.html"><a href="purrr-map.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.3</b> map系列函数</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.3.1" data-path="purrr-map.html"><a href="purrr-map.html#用法-3"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.3.1</b> 用法</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.3.2" data-path="purrr-map.html"><a href="purrr-map.html#案例-5"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.3.2</b> 案例</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.4" data-path="purrr-map2.html"><a href="purrr-map2.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.4</b> map2 系列函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5" data-path="purrr-multi-parameter.html"><a href="purrr-multi-parameter.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5</b> pmap系列函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.6" data-path="purrr-reduce.html"><a href="purrr-reduce.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.6</b> 归约累计函数</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.6.1" data-path="purrr-reduce.html"><a href="purrr-reduce.html#reduce-函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.6.1</b> reduce 函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.6.2" data-path="purrr-reduce.html"><a href="purrr-reduce.html#accumulate-函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.6.2</b> accumulate 函数</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.7" data-path="purrr-safely-functions.html"><a href="purrr-safely-functions.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.7</b> 安全函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.8" data-path="purrr-else-functions.html"><a href="purrr-else-functions.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.8</b> 其他函数介绍</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.8.1" data-path="purrr-else-functions.html"><a href="purrr-else-functions.html#flatten-系列"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.8.1</b> flatten 系列</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.8.2" data-path="purrr-else-functions.html"><a href="purrr-else-functions.html#imap-函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.8.2</b> imap 函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.8.3" data-path="purrr-else-functions.html"><a href="purrr-else-functions.html#walk-系列"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.8.3</b> walk 系列</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.8.4" data-path="purrr-else-functions.html"><a href="purrr-else-functions.html#逻辑判断函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.8.4</b> 逻辑判断函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.8.5" data-path="purrr-else-functions.html"><a href="purrr-else-functions.html#提取函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.8.5</b> 提取函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.8.6" data-path="purrr-else-functions.html"><a href="purrr-else-functions.html#筛选函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.8.6</b> 筛选函数</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11" data-path="self-define-function.html"><a href="self-define-function.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11</b> 自定义函数</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.1" data-path="define-function-example.html"><a href="define-function-example.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.1</b> 简单示例</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.2" data-path="define-function-conditional-execution.html"><a href="define-function-conditional-execution.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.2</b> 条件执行</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.2.1" data-path="define-function-conditional-execution.html"><a href="define-function-conditional-execution.html#多条件执行"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.2.1</b> 多条件执行</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.3" data-path="define-function-parameter.html"><a href="define-function-parameter.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.3</b> 函数参数</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.3.1" data-path="define-function-parameter.html"><a href="define-function-parameter.html#参数名称"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.3.1</b> 参数名称</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.3.2" data-path="define-function-parameter.html"><a href="define-function-parameter.html#检查参数值"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.3.2</b> 检查参数值</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.3.3" data-path="define-function-parameter.html"><a href="define-function-parameter.html#参数-5"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.3.3</b> …参数</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.4" data-path="function-return.html"><a href="function-return.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.4</b> 返回值</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.4.1" data-path="function-return.html"><a href="function-return.html#显式返回"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.4.1</b> 显式返回</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.4.2" data-path="function-return.html"><a href="function-return.html#编写管道函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.4.2</b> 编写管道函数</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.5" data-path="function-environment.html"><a href="function-environment.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.5</b> 环境</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.6" data-path="function-expand.html"><a href="function-expand.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.6</b> 拓展部分</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12" data-path="file-system-operation.html"><a href="file-system-operation.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12</b> R语言文件系统操作</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.1" data-path="file-base-r.html"><a href="file-base-r.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.1</b> base R</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.1.1" data-path="file-base-r.html"><a href="file-base-r.html#base:r-usage"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.1.1</b> 用法</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.2" data-path="fs-package.html"><a href="fs-package.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.2</b> fs package</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.2.1" data-path="fs-package.html"><a href="fs-package.html#fs-install"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.2.1</b> 安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.2.2" data-path="fs-package.html"><a href="fs-package.html#fs-advanced"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.2.2</b> 优势</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.2.3" data-path="fs-package.html"><a href="fs-package.html#fs-usage"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.2.3</b> 基础用法</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.3" data-path="fs-functions.html"><a href="fs-functions.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.3</b> fs函数介绍</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.3.1" data-path="fs-functions.html"><a href="fs-functions.html#fs-file-manipulation"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.3.1</b> 文件操作</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.3.2" data-path="fs-functions.html"><a href="fs-functions.html#fs-dir-manipulation"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.3.2</b> 目录操作</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.3.3" data-path="fs-functions.html"><a href="fs-functions.html#fs-link-manipulation"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.3.3</b> 链接操作</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.3.4" data-path="fs-functions.html"><a href="fs-functions.html#fs-path-manipulation"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.3.4</b> 路径操作</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.3.5" data-path="fs-functions.html"><a href="fs-functions.html#fs-help-manipulation"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.3.5</b> 辅助函数</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.4" data-path="file-base-fs-difference.html"><a href="file-base-fs-difference.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.4</b> base-fs-shell比较</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.5" data-path="file-manipulation-reference-material.html"><a href="file-manipulation-reference-material.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.5</b> 参考资料</a></li>
</ul></li>
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<li><a href="https://gitee.com/zhongyufei/Rbook" target="blank">gitee地址</a></li>

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<div id="database:DBI-package" class="section level2" number="8.3">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">8.3</span> DBI包</h2>
<p>R包DBI将与DBMS<a href="#fn16" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref16"><sup>16</sup></a>的连接分为“前端”和“后端”，DBI定义了一个由DBI后端实现的接口,接口定义了一些类和方法,支持以下一些操作：</p>
<ul>
<li>连接/断开与DBMS的连接</li>
<li>在DBMS中创建和执行语句</li>
<li>从语句中提取结果</li>
</ul>
<p>通过DBI可以连接大部分主流关系型数据库，如:PostgreSQL,SQL Server,Oralce,MySQL,SQLite。</p>
<p><a href="https://dbi.r-dbi.org/">DBI介绍</a></p>
<div id="安装-1" class="section level3" number="8.3.1">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">8.3.1</span> 安装</h3>
<p>从CRAN安装发行的DBI版本：</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb468"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb468-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb468-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">install.packages</span>(<span class="st">&#39;DBI&#39;</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>从Github安装开发的DBI版本：</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb469"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb469-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb469-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># install.packages(&quot;devtools&quot;)</span></span>
<span id="cb469-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb469-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>devtools<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">install_github</span>(<span class="st">&quot;r-dbi/DBI&quot;</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="连接数据库-1" class="section level3" number="8.3.2">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">8.3.2</span> 连接数据库</h3>
<ul>
<li>连接MS SQL SERVER</li>
</ul>
<p>通过以下代码即可连接微软的sql server,服务器172.16.88.2(即IP地址)的数据库，成功连接后即可与数据库交互。</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb470"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb470-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb470-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(DBI)</span>
<span id="cb470-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb470-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbConnect</span>(</span>
<span id="cb470-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb470-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">drv =</span> odbc<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">odbc</span>(), </span>
<span id="cb470-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb470-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">Driver =</span> <span class="st">&quot;SQL Server&quot;</span>, </span>
<span id="cb470-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb470-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">server =</span> <span class="st">&quot;172.16.88.2&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb470-6"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb470-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">database =</span> <span class="st">&quot;spb&quot;</span>, </span>
<span id="cb470-7"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb470-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">uid =</span> <span class="st">&quot;zhongyf&quot;</span>, </span>
<span id="cb470-8"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb470-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">pwd =</span> <span class="st">&quot;Zyf123456&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb470-9"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb470-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>查询数据库编码方式,从而选择连接数据库时相应的编码方式。</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb471"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb471-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbConnect</span>(</span>
<span id="cb471-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">drv =</span> odbc<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">odbc</span>(), <span class="at">Driver =</span> <span class="st">&quot;ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb471-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">server =</span> <span class="st">&quot;172.16.88.2&quot;</span>, <span class="at">database =</span> <span class="st">&quot;spb&quot;</span>, <span class="at">uid =</span> <span class="st">&quot;zhongyf&quot;</span>, <span class="at">pwd =</span> <span class="st">&quot;Zyf123456&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb471-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb471-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb471-6"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#查看编码是否是936 代表中文简体</span></span>
<span id="cb471-7"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>sql <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="st">&quot;SELECT COLLATIONPROPERTY( &#39;chinese_prc_ci_as&#39;, &#39;codepage&#39; )&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb471-8"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb471-9"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbGetQuery</span>(con,sql)</span>
<span id="cb471-10"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb471-11"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># same above</span></span>
<span id="cb471-12"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># dbExecute(con,sql)</span></span>
<span id="cb471-13"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb471-14"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># 关闭数据库连接</span></span>
<span id="cb471-15"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb471-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>DBI<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">dbDisconnect</span>(con)</span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>连接mysql</li>
</ul>
<p><code>MySQL()</code>函数来源<code>RMySQL</code>包，用来创建<code>&lt;MySQLDriver&gt;</code>驱动，以下代码可连接到阿里云的MySQL数据库。</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb472"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb472-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb472-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(RMySQL)</span>
<span id="cb472-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb472-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbConnect</span>(<span class="fu">MySQL</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb472-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb472-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">dbname =</span> <span class="st">&quot;test&quot;</span>, <span class="at">user =</span> <span class="st">&quot;test_admin&quot;</span>, <span class="at">password =</span> <span class="st">&quot;30HL1234M7#￥lD6gxjB&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb472-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb472-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">host =</span> <span class="st">&quot;prd-public-mypersonal.mysql.test.zhangjiabei.rds.aliyuncs.com&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb472-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb472-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>或者通过本地已安装驱动连接数据库</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb473"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb473-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb473-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> DBI<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">dbConnect</span>(odbc<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">odbc</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb473-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb473-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">Driver =</span> <span class="st">&quot;MySQL ODBC 8.0 Unicode Driver&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb473-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb473-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">Server =</span> <span class="st">&quot;localhost&quot;</span>, <span class="at">UID =</span> <span class="st">&quot;root&quot;</span>, <span class="at">PWD =</span> <span class="st">&quot;123456&quot;</span>, <span class="at">Database =</span> <span class="st">&quot;mysql&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb473-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb473-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">Port =</span> <span class="dv">3306</span></span>
<span id="cb473-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb473-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>mysql数据库默认端口是3306,访问不通时记得检查3306端口是否开放。</p>
<ul>
<li>连接oracle</li>
</ul>
<p>由ROracle包构造驱动。</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb474"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb474-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb474-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ROracle)</span>
<span id="cb474-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb474-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>drv <span class="ot">&lt;-</span><span class="fu">dbDriver</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Oracle&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb474-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb474-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>connect.string <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="st">&#39;(DESCRIPTION =</span></span>
<span id="cb474-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb474-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="st">                    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.16.88.129)(PORT = 1521))</span></span>
<span id="cb474-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb474-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="st">                  (CONNECT_DATA =</span></span>
<span id="cb474-6"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb474-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="st">                      (SERVER = DEDICATED)</span></span>
<span id="cb474-7"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb474-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="st">                    (SERVICE_NAME = bidev)</span></span>
<span id="cb474-8"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb474-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="st">                  ))&#39;</span> <span class="co">#连接字符串</span></span>
<span id="cb474-9"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb474-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb474-10"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb474-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbConnect</span>(drv,<span class="at">username =</span> <span class="st">&quot;query&quot;</span>, <span class="at">password =</span> <span class="st">&quot;query&quot;</span>,<span class="at">dbname =</span> connect.string)</span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="读写数据库-1" class="section level3" number="8.3.3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">8.3.3</span> 读写数据库</h3>
<p>dbGetQuery()函数查询数据并直接返回,dbExecute()执行sql语句，是<code>dbSendStatement()</code>的封装。</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb475"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb475-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># dbGetQuery 直接查询</span></span>
<span id="cb475-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>res_table <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbGetQuery</span>(con,<span class="st">&#39;select * from table&#39;</span>) <span class="co">#直接获取sql查询结果</span></span>
<span id="cb475-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb475-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#dbReadTable直接读取</span></span>
<span id="cb475-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbReadTable</span>(con,<span class="st">&#39;tbl_name&#39;</span>) <span class="co">#直接读取数据库中某表</span></span>
<span id="cb475-6"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb475-7"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># dbSendQuery 执行一个查询任务 </span></span>
<span id="cb475-8"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>res <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbSendQuery</span>(<span class="at">conn =</span> con,<span class="at">statement =</span> <span class="st">&#39;select * FROM tab&#39;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb475-9"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbFetch</span>(res)</span>
<span id="cb475-10"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbClearResult</span>(res)</span>
<span id="cb475-11"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb475-12"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># dbExecute</span></span>
<span id="cb475-13"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbExecute</span>(con,<span class="st">&#39;delete from table where num &lt;=1000&#39;</span>) <span class="co"># 执行sql语句</span></span>
<span id="cb475-14"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb475-15"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># dbWriteTable()</span></span>
<span id="cb475-16"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># 上传数据,指定表名,需上传的数据框df,overwrite是否覆盖,append是否可追加</span></span>
<span id="cb475-17"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb475-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbWriteTable</span>(<span class="at">conn =</span> con,<span class="at">name =</span> <span class="st">&#39;表名&#39;</span>,<span class="at">value =</span> df,<span class="at">overwrite=</span>TURE,<span class="at">append=</span><span class="cn">FALSE</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>参数化查询</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb476"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb476-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(DBI)</span>
<span id="cb476-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbConnect</span>(RSQLite<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">SQLite</span>(), <span class="st">&quot;:memory:&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb476-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbWriteTable</span>(con, <span class="st">&quot;iris&quot;</span>, iris)</span>
<span id="cb476-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb476-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>iris_result <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbSendQuery</span>(con, <span class="st">&quot;SELECT * FROM iris WHERE [Petal.Width] &gt; ?&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb476-6"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbBind</span>(iris_result, <span class="fu">list</span>(<span class="fl">2.3</span>))</span>
<span id="cb476-7"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbFetch</span>(iris_result)</span>
<span id="cb476-8"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt;   Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width   Species</span></span>
<span id="cb476-9"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 1          6.3         3.3          6.0         2.5 virginica</span></span>
<span id="cb476-10"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 2          7.2         3.6          6.1         2.5 virginica</span></span>
<span id="cb476-11"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 3          5.8         2.8          5.1         2.4 virginica</span></span>
<span id="cb476-12"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 4          6.3         3.4          5.6         2.4 virginica</span></span>
<span id="cb476-13"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 5          6.7         3.1          5.6         2.4 virginica</span></span>
<span id="cb476-14"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 6          6.7         3.3          5.7         2.5 virginica</span></span>
<span id="cb476-15"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbBind</span>(iris_result, <span class="fu">list</span>(<span class="dv">3</span>))</span>
<span id="cb476-16"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbFetch</span>(iris_result)</span>
<span id="cb476-17"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; [1] Sepal.Length Sepal.Width  Petal.Length Petal.Width  Species     </span></span>
<span id="cb476-18"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; &lt;0 行&gt; (或0-长度的row.names)</span></span>
<span id="cb476-19"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbClearResult</span>(iris_result)</span>
<span id="cb476-20"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb476-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbDisconnect</span>(con)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>实际运用中，我们从数据库(SQL Server)查询不同订单周期时的销售数据：</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb477"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb477-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb477-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbConnect</span>(odbc<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">odbc</span>(), <span class="at">.connection_string =</span> <span class="st">&quot;driver={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server};server=172.16.88.2;database=test;uid=zhongyf;pwd=Zyf123456&quot;</span>, <span class="at">timeout =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>)</span>
<span id="cb477-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb477-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb477-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb477-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>result <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbSendQuery</span>(con, <span class="st">&quot;SELECT * FROM sales_order WHERE [单据日期] between ? and ? &quot;</span>) <span class="co"># ?在本处是占位符</span></span>
<span id="cb477-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb477-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbBind</span>(result,<span class="at">params =</span> <span class="fu">list</span>(<span class="st">&#39;2021-01-01&#39;</span>,<span class="st">&#39;2021-01-05&#39;</span>))</span>
<span id="cb477-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb477-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbFetch</span>(result)</span>
<span id="cb477-6"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb477-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb477-7"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb477-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbBind</span>(result,<span class="at">params =</span> <span class="fu">list</span>(<span class="st">&#39;2021-05-01&#39;</span>,<span class="st">&#39;2021-05-05&#39;</span>))</span>
<span id="cb477-8"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb477-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbFetch</span>(result)</span>
<span id="cb477-9"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb477-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbClearResult</span>(result)</span></code></pre></div>
<blockquote>
<p>以上方式可以实现参数化查询，减少代码量，但是由于查询速度相比<code>dbGetQuery()</code>较慢，我一般不采用。
关于sql语句中?的用法请自行查阅?dbBind()。DBI当前未指定占位符格式,将来可能会支持统一的占位符语法</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div id="其它函数介绍" class="section level3" number="8.3.4">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">8.3.4</span> 其它函数介绍</h3>
<p>查看数据库信息,查看表名,删除表，关闭连接等常用操作.</p>
<ul>
<li>查看数据库信息</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb478"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb478-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbGetInfo</span>(con)</span>
<span id="cb478-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; $db.version</span></span>
<span id="cb478-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; [1] &quot;3.35.5&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb478-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; </span></span>
<span id="cb478-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; $dbname</span></span>
<span id="cb478-6"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; [1] &quot;:memory:&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb478-7"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; </span></span>
<span id="cb478-8"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; $username</span></span>
<span id="cb478-9"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; [1] NA</span></span>
<span id="cb478-10"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; </span></span>
<span id="cb478-11"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; $host</span></span>
<span id="cb478-12"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; [1] NA</span></span>
<span id="cb478-13"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; </span></span>
<span id="cb478-14"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; $port</span></span>
<span id="cb478-15"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb478-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; [1] NA</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>数据库读写权限</li>
</ul>
<p>返回连接账户是否只有只读权限。</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb479"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb479-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb479-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbIsReadOnly</span>(con)</span>
<span id="cb479-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb479-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; [1] FALSE</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>查看全部表名</li>
</ul>
<p>win下SQL Server中文表名会乱码</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb480"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb480-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb480-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbListTables</span>(con) </span>
<span id="cb480-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb480-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; [1] &quot;flights&quot; &quot;测试表&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>读取表</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb481"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb481-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb481-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>dt <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbReadTable</span>(con,<span class="st">&#39;测试表&#39;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb481-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb481-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">head</span>(dt)</span>
<span id="cb481-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb481-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt;   Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species</span></span>
<span id="cb481-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb481-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 1          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa</span></span>
<span id="cb481-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb481-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 2          4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2  setosa</span></span>
<span id="cb481-6"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb481-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 3          4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa</span></span>
<span id="cb481-7"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb481-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 4          4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2  setosa</span></span>
<span id="cb481-8"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb481-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 5          5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2  setosa</span></span>
<span id="cb481-9"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb481-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 6          5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4  setosa</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>查询</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb482"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb482-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb482-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>rs <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbSendQuery</span>(con, <span class="st">&quot;SELECT * from flights limit 100 &quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb482-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb482-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>dt <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbFetch</span>(rs)</span>
<span id="cb482-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb482-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">head</span>(dt)</span>
<span id="cb482-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb482-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt;   year month day dep_delay arr_delay carrier origin dest air_time distance hour</span></span>
<span id="cb482-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb482-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 1 2014     1   1        14        13      AA    JFK  LAX      359     2475    9</span></span>
<span id="cb482-6"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb482-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 2 2014     1   1        -3        13      AA    JFK  LAX      363     2475   11</span></span>
<span id="cb482-7"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb482-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 3 2014     1   1         2         9      AA    JFK  LAX      351     2475   19</span></span>
<span id="cb482-8"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb482-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 4 2014     1   1        -8       -26      AA    LGA  PBI      157     1035    7</span></span>
<span id="cb482-9"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb482-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 5 2014     1   1         2         1      AA    JFK  LAX      350     2475   13</span></span>
<span id="cb482-10"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb482-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; 6 2014     1   1         4         0      AA    EWR  LAX      339     2454   18</span></span>
<span id="cb482-11"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb482-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbClearResult</span>(rs) <span class="co"># 记得清除结果</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>是否存在表</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb483"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb483-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb483-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbExistsTable</span>(con,<span class="st">&#39;测试表&#39;</span>) </span>
<span id="cb483-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb483-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#&gt; [1] TRUE</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>创建表</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb484"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb484-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb484-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbConnect</span>(RSQLite<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">SQLite</span>(), <span class="st">&quot;:memory:&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb484-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb484-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbCreateTable</span>(con, <span class="st">&quot;iris&quot;</span>, iris)</span>
<span id="cb484-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb484-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbAppendTable</span>(con, <span class="st">&quot;iris&quot;</span>, iris)</span>
<span id="cb484-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb484-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbReadTable</span>(con, <span class="st">&quot;iris&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb484-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb484-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbDisconnect</span>(con)</span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>删除表</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb485"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb485-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb485-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbRemoveTable</span>(con,<span class="st">&#39;测试表&#39;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb485-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb485-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># same above</span></span>
<span id="cb485-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb485-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># dbExecute(con,&#39;delete from 测试表&#39;)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>是否有效</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb486"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb486-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb486-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbIsValid</span>(con)</span>
<span id="cb486-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb486-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb486-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb486-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>rs <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbSendQuery</span>(con, <span class="st">&quot;SELECT * from flights&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb486-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb486-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbIsValid</span>(rs)</span>
<span id="cb486-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb486-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbClearResult</span>(rs)</span>
<span id="cb486-6"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb486-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbIsValid</span>(rs)</span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>执行任务</li>
</ul>
<p>执行语句,返回受影响的行数。</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb487"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb487-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb487-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbExecute</span>(conn, statement, ...)</span>
<span id="cb487-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb487-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbExecute</span>(con,<span class="st">&#39;delete from 测试表&#39;</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>关闭连接</li>
</ul>
<p>在完成连接后，最后关闭连接。</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb488"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb488-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb488-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">dbDisconnect</span>(con)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>通过学习odbc,DBI包，我们已经对R与数据库交互有一定了解。连接数据库并返回我们查询的结果，最后上传数据到数据库中，以上三步能正确使用即可满足我们数据分析师绝大部分需求。但是我们可能会对odbc与DBI的关系感到困惑,由于我并不太了解数据库，仅谈谈自己的理解，不一定正确。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>以上三步，配合R的定时任务，可以完成ETL(Extract-Transform-Load).</p>
</blockquote>
<p>odbc提供了与odbc类数据库的连接方式，odbc基于DBI包，我们在安装odbc包时会自动安装DBI包。odbc负责连接odbc类数据库，DBI提供后端服务，换句话说odbc连接数据库，其它的交互通过DBI包完成。通过比较以下连接方式来理解：</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb489"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb489-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb489-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># 方式一  odbc </span></span>
<span id="cb489-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb489-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> DBI<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">dbConnect</span>(odbc<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">odbc</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb489-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb489-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">Driver =</span> <span class="st">&quot;MySQL ODBC 8.0 Unicode Driver&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb489-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb489-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">Server =</span> <span class="st">&quot;localhost&quot;</span>, <span class="at">UID =</span> <span class="st">&quot;root&quot;</span>, <span class="at">PWD =</span> <span class="st">&quot;123456&quot;</span>, <span class="at">Database =</span> <span class="st">&quot;test&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb489-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb489-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">Port =</span> <span class="dv">3306</span></span>
<span id="cb489-6"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb489-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb489-7"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb489-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb489-8"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb489-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># 方式二 RMySQL</span></span>
<span id="cb489-9"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb489-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(RMySQL)</span>
<span id="cb489-10"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb489-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbConnect</span>(<span class="fu">MySQL</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb489-11"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb489-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">dbname =</span> <span class="st">&quot;test&quot;</span>, <span class="at">user =</span> <span class="st">&quot;root&quot;</span>, <span class="at">password =</span> <span class="st">&quot;123456&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb489-12"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb489-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="at">host =</span> <span class="st">&quot;localhost&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb489-13"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb489-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>方式二与方式一都可以成功连接本地的mysql数据库，方式二是通过RMySQLB包的<code>MySQL()</code>功能提供的驱动程序。</p>
<p>但是不同的连接方式可能导致读写效率有明显的差异，详见oracle连接差异。</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb490"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb490-1"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb490-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ROracle)</span>
<span id="cb490-2"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb490-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># 方式一</span></span>
<span id="cb490-3"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb490-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># use ROracle packages connect databse</span></span>
<span id="cb490-4"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb490-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>drv <span class="ot">&lt;-</span><span class="fu">dbDriver</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Oracle&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb490-5"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb490-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>connect.string <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="st">&#39;(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.88.131)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = ghbi) ))&#39;</span></span>
<span id="cb490-6"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb490-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con_oracle <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbConnect</span>(drv,<span class="at">username =</span> <span class="st">&quot;pub_query&quot;</span>, <span class="at">password =</span> <span class="st">&quot;pub_query&quot;</span>,<span class="at">dbname =</span> connect.string,<span class="at">encoding=</span><span class="st">&#39;utf8&#39;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb490-7"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb490-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb490-8"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb490-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># 方式二</span></span>
<span id="cb490-9"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb490-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># use odbc packages connect databse</span></span>
<span id="cb490-10"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb490-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>con_odbc <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">dbConnect</span>(odbc<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">odbc</span>(), <span class="at">.connection_string =</span> <span class="st">&quot;Driver={Oracle in OraClient11g_home1};DBQ=172.16.88.131:1521/ghbi;UID=pub_query;PWD=pub_query;&quot;</span>, <span class="at">timeout =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>)</span>
<span id="cb490-11"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb490-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb490-12"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb490-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Oracle in OraClient11g_home1 根据实际驱动更改</span></span>
<span id="cb490-13"><a href="database-DBI-package.html#cb490-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># 通过odbc::odbcListDrivers() 查看</span></span></code></pre></div>
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